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- Paxton, Joseph Paxton, Sir Joseph Paxton
English architect (1801-1865) - Peabody, Elizabeth Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody
educator who founded the first kindergarten in the United States (1804-1894) - Peary, Robert Peary, Robert E. Peary, Robert Edwin Peary
United States Arctic explorer and United States naval officer who has been regarded as the first man to reach the North Pole (1856-1920) - Peel, Robert Peel, Sir Robert Peel
British politician (1788-1850) - Pei, I. M. Pei, Ieoh Ming Pei
United States architect (born in China in 1917) - Peirce, Charles Peirce, Charles Sanders Peirce
United States philosopher and logician - Peirce, Benjamin Peirce
United States mathematician and astronomer remembered for his studies of Uranus and Saturn and Neptune (1809-1880) - Pelagius
a British or Irish monk who denied the doctrines of original sin and predestination and defended human goodness and free will - Penn, William Penn
Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) - Pepin, Pepin III, Pepin the Short
king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne who defended papal interests and founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751 (714-768) - Pepys, Samuel Pepys
English diarist whose diary contained detailed descriptions of 17th century disasters in England (1633-1703) - Percy, Sir Henry Percy, Hotspur, Harry Hotspur
English soldier killed in a rebellion against Henry IV (1364-1403) - Percy, Walker Percy
United States writer whose novels explored human alienation (1916-1990) - Pericles
Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece - Peron, Juan Domingo Peron
Argentine soldier who became president of Argentina (1895-1974) - Perry, Oliver Hazard Perry, Commodore Perry
United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812 - Perry, Matthew Calbraith Perry
United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan - Perry, Ralph Barton Perry
United States philosopher (1876-1957) - Pershing, John Joseph Pershing, Black Jack Pershing
United States general who commanded the American forces in Europe during World War I (1860-1948) - Perutz, Max Perutz, Max Ferdinand Perutz
English biochemist (born in Austria) - Peter, Simon Peter, Saint Peter, St. Peter, Saint Peter the Apostle, St. Peter the Apostle
disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles - Peter I, Czar Peter I, Peter the Great
czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government - Petrarch, Petrarca, Francesco Petrarca
an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374) - Petronius, Gaius Petronius, Petronius Arbiter
Roman satirist (died in 66) - Phidias, Pheidias
ancient Greek sculptor (circa 500-432 BC) - Philemon
(New Testament) a Christian (probably living in Colossae) whose slave escaped and went to see Saint Paul - Philemon
(Greek mythology) a simple countryman who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when they came to earth without revealing their identities in order to test people's piety - Philip, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921) - Philip II, Philip II of Spain
king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I - Philip II, Philip II of Macedon
king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC) - Philip II, Philip Augustus
son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223) - Philip V
king of ancient Macedonia whose confrontations with the Romans led to his defeat and his loss of control over Greece - Philip VI, Philip of Valois
king of France who founded the Valois dynasty - Phintias, Pythias
friend of Damon - Photius
Patriarch of Constantinople and saint of the Greek Orthodox Church - Piaf, Edith Piaf, Edith Giovanna Gassion, Little Sparrow
French cabaret singer (1915-1963) - Piaget, Jean Piaget
Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children (1896-1980) - Pickett, George Edward Pickett
American Confederate general known for leading a disastrous charge at Gettysburg (1825-1875) - Pickford, Mary Pickford, Gladys Smith
United States film actress (born in Canada) who starred in silent films (1893-1979) - Pierce, Franklin Pierce, President Pierce
14th President of the United States (1804-1869) - Picasso, Pablo Picasso
prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France (1881-1973) - Pincus, Gregory Pincus, Gregory Goodwin Pincus
United States sexual physiologist whose hunch that progesterone could block ovulation led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill (1903-1967) - Pindar
Greek lyric poet remembered for his odes (518?-438? BC) - Pinter, Harold Pinter
English dramatist whose plays are characterized by silences and the use of inaction (born in 1930) - Pirandello, Luigi Pirandello
Italian novelist and playwright (1867-1936) - Piston, Walter Piston
United States neoclassical composer (1894-1976) - Pitman, Sir Isaac Pitman
English educator who invented a system of phonetic shorthand (1813-1897) - Pitot, Henri Pitot
French physicist for whom the Pitot tube was named (1695-1771) - Pitt, William Pitt, First Earl of Chatham, Pitt the Elder
English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778) - Pitt, William Pitt, Second Earl of Chatham, Pitt the Younger
English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder (1759-1806) - Pitt, George Pitt, George Dibdin Pitt, George Dibdin-Pitt
a British playwright who created the fictional character Sweeney Todd (1799-1855) - Pius II, Aeneas Silvius, Enea Silvio Piccolomini
Italian pope from 1458 to 1464 who is remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464) - Pius V, Antonio Ghislieri
Italian pope from 1566 to 1572 who led the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church - Pius VI, Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Giannangelo Braschi
Italian pope from 1775 to 1799 who served during the French Revolution - Pius VII, Barnaba Chiaramonti, Luigi Barnaba Gregorio Chiaramonti
Italian pope from 1800 to 1823 who was humiliated by Napoleon and taken prisoner in 1809 - Pius IX, Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti
Italian pope from 1846 to 1878 who in 1854 declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary - Pius X, Giuseppe Sarto, Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
pope who condemned religious modernism - Pius XI, Achille Ratti, Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti
pope who signed a treaty with Mussolini recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state (1857-1939) - Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli
pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the Jews who were persecuted by Hitler (1876-1958) - Pizarro, Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) - Planck, Max Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947) - Plath, Sylvia Plath
United States writer and poet (1932-1963) - Plato
ancient Athenian philosopher - Plautus, Titus Maccius Plautus
comic dramatist of ancient Rome (253?-184 BC) - Pliny, Pliny the Elder, Gaius Plinius Secundus
Roman author of an encyclopedic natural history - Pliny, Pliny the Younger, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus
Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder - Plotinus
Roman philosopher (born in Egypt) who was the leading representative of Neoplatonism (205-270) - Plutarch
Greek biographer who wrote Parallel Lives (46?-120 AD) - Pocahontas, Matoaka, Rebecca Rolfe
a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617) - Poe, Edgar Allan Poe
United States writer and poet (1809-1849) - Poitier, Sidney Poitier
United States film actor and director (born in 1927) - Polk, James Polk, James K. Polk, James Knox Polk, President Polk
11th President of the United States - Pollack, Sydney Pollack
United States filmmaker (born in 1934) - Pollock, Jackson Pollock
United States artist famous for painting with a drip technique - Polo, Marco Polo
Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324) - Pompadour, Marquise de Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson
French noblewoman who was the lover of Louis XV, whose policies she influenced (1721-1764) - Pompey, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Pompey the Great
Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC) - Pons, Lily Pons, Alice-Josephine Pons
United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976) - Ponselle, Rosa Ponselle, Rosa Melba Ponselle
United States soprano (1897-1981) - Pontiac
famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British (1715-1769) - Pope, Alexander Pope
English poet and satirist (1688-1744) - Porter, William Sydney Porter, O. Henry
United States writer of short stories whose pen name was O. Henry (1862-1910) - Porter, Cole Porter, Cole Albert Porter
United States composer and lyricist of musical comedies (1891-1946) - Porter, Katherine Anne Porter
United States writer of novels and short stories (1890-1980) - Post, C. W. Post, Charles William Post
United States manufacturer of breakfast cereals and Postum (1854-1914) - Post, Emily Post, Emily Price Post
United States female author who wrote a book and a syndicated newspaper column on etiquette (1872-1960) - Post, Wiley Post
United States aviator who in 1933 made the first solo flight around the world (1899-1935) - Poulenc, Francis Poulenc
French pianist and composer (1899-1963) - Pound, Ezra Pound, Ezra Loomis Pound
United States writer who lived in Europe - Poussin, Nicolas Poussin
French painter in the classical style (1594-1665) - Powell, Cecil Frank Powell
English physicist who discovered the pion (the first known meson) which is a subatomic particle involved in holding the nucleus together (1903-1969) - Powell, Colin Powell, Colin luther Powell
United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff - Powhatan, Wahunsonacock
Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia - Powys, John Cowper Powys
British writer of novels about nature - Powys, Theodore Francis Powys
British writer of allegorical novels - Powys, Llewelyn Powys
British writer of essays - Presley, Elvis Presley, Elvis Aron Presley
United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977) - Priam
(Greek mythology) the last king of Troy - Price, Leontyne Price, Mary Leontyne Price
United States operatic soprano (born 1927) - Priestley, Joseph Priestley
English chemist who isolated many gases and discovered oxygen (independently of Scheele) (1733-1804) - Prokhorov, Aleksandr Prokhorov, Aleksandr Mikjailovich Prokhorov
Russian physicist whose research into ways of moving electrons around atoms led to the development of masers and lasers for producing high-intensity radiation (1916-2002) - Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev
Russian composer of ballets and symphonies and operas (1891-1953) - Proudhon, Pierre Joseph Proudhon
French socialist who argued that property is theft (1809-1865) - Proust, Marcel Proust
French novelist (1871-1922) - Ptolemy, Claudius Ptolemaeus
Alexandrian astronomer (of the 2nd century) who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance - Ptolemy I
the king of Egypt who founded the Macedonian dynasty in Egypt - Ptolemy II
son of Ptolemy I and king of Egypt who was said to be responsible for the Septuagint (circa 309-247 BC) - Puccini, Giacomo Puccini
Italian operatic composer noted for the dramatic realism of his operas (1858-1924) - Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
English architect who played a prominent role in the 19th century revival of Gothic architecture (1812-1852) - Pulitzer, Joseph Pulitzer
United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911) - Purcell, Henry Purcell
English organist at Westminster Abbey and composer of many theatrical pieces (1659-1695) - Purkinje, Jan Evangelista Purkinje, Johannes Evangelista Purkinje
Bohemian physiologist remembered for his discovery of Purkinje cells and the Purkinje network (1787-1869) - Pusey, Edward Pusey, Edward Bouverie Pusey
English theologian who (with John Henry Newman and John Keble) founded the Oxford movement (1800-1882) - Pushkin, Alexander Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin
Russian poet (1799-1837) - Putin, Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
Russian statesman chosen as president of the Russian Federation in 2000 - Pyle, Howard Pyle
United States writer and illustrator of children's books (1853-1911) - Pynchon, Thomas Pynchon
United States writer of pessimistic novels about life in a technologically advanced society (born in 1937) - Pyrrhus
king of Epirus - Pythagoras
Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem - Qaddafi, Qadhafi, Khadafy, Gaddafi, Muammar al-Qaddafi, Muammar el-Qaddafi
Libyan leader who seized power in a military coup d'etat in 1969 - Qin Shi Huang Ti, Ch'in Shih Huang Ti
the first Qin emperor who unified China, built much of the Great Wall, standardized weights and measures, and created a common currency and legal system (died 210 BC) - Quincy, Josiah Quincy
American patriot who presented the colonists' grievances to the English king (1744-1775) - Quine, W. V. Quine, Willard Van Orman Quine
United States philosopher and logician who championed an empirical view of knowledge that depended on language (1908-2001) - Rabelais, Francois Rabelais
author of satirical attacks on medieval scholasticism (1494-1553) - Rachel
(Old Testament) the second wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Benjamin - Rachmaninoff, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff, Rachmaninov, Sergei Rachmaninov, Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninov
composer and piano virtuoso born in Russia (1873-1943) - Racine, Jean Racine, Jean Baptiste Racine
French advocate of Jansenism - Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Indian philosopher and statesman who introduced Indian philosophy to the West (1888-1975) - Raffles, Sir Thomas Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles
British colonial administrator who founded Singapore (1781-1826) - Rain-in-the-Face
a chief of the Sioux - Raleigh, Walter Raleigh, Sir Walter Raleigh, Ralegh, Walter Ralegh, Sir Walter Ralegh
English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia - Rameau, Jean-Philippe Rameau
French composer of operas whose writings laid the foundation for the modern theory of harmony (1683-1764) - Rameses, Ramesses, Ramses
any of 12 kings of ancient Egypt between 1315 and 1090 BC - Rameses II, Ramesses II, Ramses II, Rameses the Great, Ramesses the Great, Ramses the Great
king of Egypt between 1304 and 1237 BC who built many monuments - Ramon y Cajal, Santiago Ramon y Cajal
Spanish histologist noted for his work on the structure of the nervous system (1852-1934) - Rand, Ayn Rand
United States writer (born in Russia) noted for her polemical novels and political conservativism (1905-1982) - Rankin, Jeannette Rankin
leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana - Raphael, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello Sanzio
Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520) - Rask, Rasmus Christian Rask
Danish philologist whose work on Old Norse pioneered in the field of comparative linguistics (1787-1832) - Rasmussen, Kund Johan Victor Rasmussen
Danish ethnologist and Arctic explorer - Rasputin, Grigori Efimovich Rasputin
Siberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II - Rattigan, Terence Rattigan, Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan
British playwright (1911-1977) - Ravel, Maurice Ravel
French composer and exponent of Impressionism (1875-1937) - Rayleigh, Third Baron Rayleigh, Lord Rayleigh, John William Strutt
English physicist who studied the density of gases and discovered argon - Reagan, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Wilson Reagan, President Reagan
40th President of the United States (1911-2004) - Reaumur, Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur
French physicist who invented the alcohol thermometer (1683-1757) - Rebecca, Rebekah
(Old Testament) wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau - Red Cloud
leader of the Oglala who resisted the development of a trail through Wyoming and Montana by the United States government (1822-1909) - Redford, Robert Redford, Charles Robert Redford
United States actor and filmmaker who starred with Paul Newman in several films (born in 1936) - Reed, Walter Reed
United States physician who proved that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes (1851-1902) - Reed, John Reed
United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917 - Rehnquist, William Rehnquist, William Hubbs Rehnquist
United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924) - Reich, Steve Reich, Stephen Michael Reich
United States composer (born in 1936) - Reich, Wilhelm Reich
Austrian born psychoanalyst who lived in the United States - Reichstein, Tadeus Reichstein
a Swiss chemist born in Poland - Reid, Thomas Reid
Scottish philosopher of common sense who opposed the ideas of David Hume (1710-1796) - Reiter, Hans Conrad Julius Reiter
German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiter's syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969) - Rembrandt, Rembrandt van Rijn, Rembrandt van Ryn, Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn
influential Dutch artist (1606-1669) - Renoir, Pierre Auguste Renoir
French impressionist painter (1841-1919) - Respighi, Ottorino Respighi
Italian composer remembered for his symphonic poems (1879-1936) - Reuben
(Old Testment) a son of Jacob and forefather of one of the tribes of Israel - Revere, Paul Revere
American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818) - Reynolds, Sir Joshua Reynolds
English portrait painter and first president of the Royal Academy (1723-1792) - Rhine, J. B. Rhine, Joseph Banks Rhine
United States parapsychologist (1895-1980) - Rhodes, Cecil Rhodes, Cecil J. Rhodes, Cecil John Rhodes
British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa - Ricardo, David Ricardo
English economist who argued that the laws of supply and demand should operate in a free market (1772-1823) - Rice, Elmer Rice, Elmer Leopold Rice, Elmer Reizenstein
United States playwright (1892-1967) - Rice, Sir Tim Rice, Timothy Miles Bindon Rice
English lyricist who frequently worked with Andrew Lloyd Webber (born in 1944) - Richard I, Richard Coeur de Lion, Richard the Lionheart, Richard the Lion-Hearted
son of Henry II and King of England from 1189 to 1199 - Richard II
King of England from 1377 to 1399 - Richard III
King of England from 1483 to 1485 - Richards, I. A. Richards, Ivor Armstrong Richards
English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979) - Richardson, Ralph Richardson, Sir Ralph David Richardson
British stage and screen actor noted for playing classic roles (1902-1983) - Richardson, Henry Hobson Richardson
United States architect (1838-1886) - Richelieu, Duc de Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu
French prelate and statesman - Richler, Mordecai Richler
Canadian novelist (born in 1931) - Rickenbacker, Eddie Rickenbacker, Edward Vernon Rickenbacker
the most decorated United States combat pilot in World War I (1890-1973) - Rickover, Hyman Rickover, Hyman George Rickover
United States admiral who advocated the development of nuclear submarines (1900-1986) - Riemann, Bernhard Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann
pioneer of non-Euclidean geometry (1826-1866) - Riesman, David Riesman, David Riesman Jr.
United States sociologist (1909-2002) - Riley, James Whitcomb Riley
United States poet (1849-1916) - Rilke, Rainer Maria Rilke
German poet (born in Austria) whose imagery and mystic lyricism influenced 20th-century German literature (1875-1926) - Rimbaud, Arthur Rimbaud, Jean Nicholas Arthur Rimbaud
French poet whose work influenced the surrealists (1854-1891) - Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov, Rimski-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich Rimski-Korsakov
Russian composer of operas and orchestral works - Ringling, Charles Ringling
United States showman whose song-and-dance troop evolved into a circus (1863-1926) - Rittenhouse, David Rittenhouse
United States astronomer said to have built the first telescope made in America - Ritz, Cesar Ritz
Swiss hotelier who created a chain of elegant hotels (1850-1918) - Rivera, Diego Rivera
socialist Mexican painter of murals (1886-1957) - Robbins, Jerome Robbins
United States choreographer who brought human emotion to classical ballet and spirited reality to Broadway musicals (1918-1998) - Robert, Henry M. Robert, Henry Martyn Robert
United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923) - Roberts, Bartholomew Roberts
a Welsh pirate credited with having taken more than 400 ships (1682-1722) - Roberts, Kenneth Roberts
United States writer remembered for his historical novels about colonial America (1885-1957) - Roberts, Oral Roberts
United States evangelist (born 1918) - Roberts, Richard J. Roberts, Richard John Roberts
United States biochemist (born in England) honored for his discovery that some genes contain introns (born in 1943) - Robertson, Oscar Robertson, Oscar Palmer Robertson
United States basketball guard (born in 1938) - Robeson, Paul Robeson, Paul Bustill Robeson
United States bass singer and an outspoken critic of racism and proponent of socialism (1898-1976) - Robespierre, Maxmillien Marie Isidore de Robespierre
French revolutionary - Robinson, Edward G. Robinson, Edward Goldenberg Robinson
United States film actor noted for playing gangster roles (1893-1973) - Robinson, Edwin Arlington Robinson
United States poet - Robinson, Jackie Robinson, Jack Roosevelt Robinson
United States baseball player